Samford University Admissions Facts - What It Takes

Samford University Admissions Facts - What It Takes With a high acknowledgment pace of more than 90 percent, Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama may seem, by all accounts, to be open to practically those who apply every year. All things considered, understudies who are conceded will in general have reviews and government sanctioned grades at or better than expected. Alongside an application and grades, intrigued understudies should submit letters of proposal and an individual paper. You can compute your odds of getting in with this free apparatus from Cappex. Affirmations Data (2016) Samford University Acceptance Rate: 91 percentGPA, ACT and SAT Graph for Samford AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th/75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 520/620SAT Math: 500/618SAT Writing: -/ - What these SAT numbers meanCompare Alabama SAT scoresSouthern Conference SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 23/29ACT English: 24â /31ACT Math: 21/27What these ACT numbers meanCompare Alabama ACT scoresSouthern Conference ACT score examination Samford University Description Samford University is the biggest private college in Alabama. Situated in Birmingham, Stamford has understudies from 47 states and 16 nations. The college was established by Baptists and 1841 and keeps up its way of life as a Christian college. Students can look over 138 majors; nursing and business organization are the most mainstream. The college has a 12 to 1 understudy/staff proportion, and regardless of the universitys experts and doctoral projects, no classes are instructed by graduate collaborators. Samfords educational cost and expenses are not exactly numerous practically identical private foundations, and the school regularly positions exceptionally among best worth universities. On the athletic front, the Samford University Bulldogs contend in the NCAA Division I Southern Conference. Enlistment (2016) All out Enrollment: 5,471â (3,341 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 35 percent male/65 percent female96 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Educational cost and Fees: $29,402Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,830Other Expenses: $4,664Total Cost: $44,896 Samford University Financial Aid (2015 - 16): Level of New Students Receiving Aid: 97 percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 96 percentLoans: 35 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $14,122Loans: $8,953 Scholastic Programs: Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Family Studies, History, Journalism, Nursing, Psychology, Teacher Education What major is directly for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time understudies): 89 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 59 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 73 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports: Golf, Football, Basketball, Baseball, Cross Country, Track and Field, TennisWomens Sports: Soccer, Softball, Tennis, Volleyball, Basketball, Golf, Cross Country In the event that You Like Samford University, You May Also Like These Schools: Reddish-brown University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphVanderbilt University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUnion University: Profile University of Georgia: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMississippi State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Alabama: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTroy University: Profile University of Mississippi: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphClark Atlanta University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of North Alabama: Profile Furman University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBerry College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Samford University and the Common Application Samford University utilizes the Common Application. These articles can help manage you: Basic Application exposition tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental article tips and tests Information Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Ohio Public School Funding Essay Example for Free

Ohio Public School Funding Essay Ohio government funded school subsidizing is confounded. Subsidizing of government funded schools in Ohio is trough states mix I. e. government contributing around 6 percent, Ohio state 44 percent while the neighborhood charge record to in excess of 50 percent. The recipes for school financing are given by the state and this decides the sum that is gotten by each region. Subsequently more rich regions regularly raise a larger number of sums than less well off locale. Then again the state set up the ensured sum that each locale should raise and these sums are not founded on the real costs that are utilized to support the schools (Brandt, 2003). The assignment of duties of subsidizing to nearby locale and overwhelming dependence on property charge in Ohio, have added to imbalances for younger students the nation over From the time the primary choice was discharged in 1997, there have been generous advantages, in spite of the fact that the choices from the Supreme Court have not been authorized. In such manner this paper will concentrate on the arrangement of school financing in Ohio State and how general society and incomparable court has reacted to the framework. Furthermore the paper will concentrate on the present plans of subsidizing, Ohio school use and potential answer for the framework (Brandt, 2003). State funded school subsidizing in Ohio The arrangement of financing of government funded schools depends much on nearby locale property duty and this has come about to enormous contrasts since the framework relies upon the measure of cash the region can raise. The framework has messed up the poor rural, rustic and even urban schools. For instance, in 2003, Coshocton County raised just 7,529 US dollars while Cuyahoga County had the option to raise 17,735 US dollars of school financing from the property duties and state. There are disparities and some government funded schools use Xeroxed duplicates or obsolete course readings. A portion of the structures where the younger students go to their classes have been denounced. Other school battle to fund-raise to cook for fundamental needs, for example, paying school bookkeeper. Some individual state that the issue is because of absence of care that is displayed by poor schools. Nonetheless, considering the endeavors individuals make particle settling charge, people in poor regions contribute enormous segment of cash that they have yet they are not in a situation to collect as much cash as the affluent areas. Moreover well off regions have significant properties that bring a ton of cash when contrasted with poor regions. The province of Ohio spends a huge segment of its expense on tuition based schools. These tuition based schools that are claimed by privately owned businesses targets making benefits and couldn't care less a session the neighborhood citizens. In Ohio when the estimation of the properties builds the state decline it’s subsidizing. The states accept that the duty from the properties is coordinated to class reserves. Then again government funded schools don't understand increment of financing since neighborhood charges are ordinarily fixed at the property estimation at time of last duty. Because of the gross disparities DeRolph Dale, alongside a few area schools documented a body of evidence against Ohio State in 1991, and expressed that the arrangement of financing that is utilized in the nation is unlawful. The preeminent court of Ohio State started to examine this framework and came about to foundation of significant choices of the Supreme Court. In 2001, the Supreme Court proclaimed the framework as unlawful, and guided the general gathering to give arrangement (Walker, 2005). Since that time Supreme Court made decision on the financing framework the state has reacted by setting up various enactments so as to take care of the issues of the subsidizing framework. Be that as it may, the issues in subsidizing framework despite everything exist and the state has been not able to illuminate them. At the point when the main choice of Supreme Court was discharged in 1997, the senate president said that the Supreme Court can't authorize its standards. In 2001, the president said that Ohio State has no cash and in this manner Supreme Court has issues (Phillis, n. d). Then again following the decision of Supreme Court there is an extraordinary sensational effect in the financing of state funded schools in Ohio and numerous government funded schools are being developed and the current schools redesigned. Before 1997 the state didn't have needs to help government funded schools. In 1997 the choice of DeRolph I impacted the state to help government funded schools and from that point forward it have given in excess of 5,000,000 US dollars. Capital allocation in the province of Ohio since 1997 for school offices is as demonstrated as follows.

College Econ 101

Welcome to College Econ 101. Class is now in session. While this is extremely important for seniors and juniors to sit up and take notes, underclassmen should wake up too. While some people might advise us to go where our heart is, or to apply to that expensive private school of our dreams, the truth is that money can be a huge factor in college applications and decisions. This isn’t unique to most people. Many students across the nation are being forced to pick a college based on cost and â€Å"practical† majors. Because of this, economics plays a huge role on how students make decisions for college. There are many debates about what is cost-effective when applying for and making decisions about college. There are also many choices involved in the college application process. For example, how do you know which schools to apply to? Should you choose a school that offers you a lot of scholarship money, or the school of your dreams? Is living at home a money-saving a lternative for those considering a school such as UIC? Are private colleges even worth it? These questions are all important to consider when deciding where to apply. A big issue can be the decision of whether to choose an expensive dream school over a more economical state school that offers more money. This is a personal decision for me, because the school of my dreams is currently ranked ninth on Forbes’ America’s Most Expensive Colleges report. The estimated tuition for Northwestern University is $56,406. I’ll pause as that sinks in. In a case like this, it is important to know that the price tag of a college isn’t as relative as the net price, or the price of the college minus grants and scholarships. Not too many people have the cash to pay for a school like Northwestern or University of Chicago (number two on the Forbes’ list) out of their pockets. Due to this, most students would turn to government loans, scholarships and grants. The problem with government loans is that the interest rates keep climbing, which forces many students to turn to scholarships or grants. Despite that, federal loans are cheaper than other alternatives and provide more flexible options for repayment. Also, even if you think that your family would not qualify for financial aid, apply anyway. You definitely won’t receive any money if you don’t apply. Filling out the FAFSA form can provide you with gift aid, which is money that you don’t pay back, as well as loans. Another option for paying for college is applying for private scholarships. While many scholarships require writing an essay, submitting a transcript, or acquiring a recommendation, many do not. There are many scholarships that can be won simply by sending a text or a tweet. The organization Do Something offers scholarships simply for sending a text to six friends about social issues such as bullying, secondhand smoke, homelessness and childhood hunger. Sch olarships can award up to $4,000. Aid, whether loans or gift aid, can also help offset the cost of room and board, books, and other fees. Another option for those staying in-state and close to home can be living at home instead of in a dorm. This can be an economic option for those who want to save a lot of money and don’t ,mind bunking with their parents for at least four more years. As for me, I want to experience college for all it has to offer, especially living far away from my family--even if that means living in Evanston. Sometimes a college decision must be made on the cost-effectiveness of that decision, which can mean forgoing the dream school for a cheaper alternative. The lesson of today is simple--there are easy ways to get to college without selling limbs. And there are ways to achieve the education you have dreamed of.

Kate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow...

This paper will not be able to cover the complexity of feminism as a whole since it has become a very broad subject. In addition, feminism has also been a heavily debated issue that has been around for numerous years. The argument of feminism is that women are, and always have been throughout history, treated differently than men by society. Therefore, women are being stripped down of opportunities to their benefit economically, socially, politically, culturally, and several more ways. This essay will highlight and analyze the cultural aspects of feminism from the texts of Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Donald Hall’s â€Å"Feminist Analysis† from Literary and Cultural Theory, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper†, Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† Cultural feminism, the ideology of the roles and stereotypical characterist ics of women. Therefore, women are unable to express themselves due to being oppressed by patriarchal society. Thus, preserving and nurturing â€Å"female culture† will benefit society. As a final point, this paper will point out and identify women being isolated from their culture and personal values. In Donald Hall’s â€Å"Feminist Analysis† of Literary and Cultural theory, Hall defines and explores the different variations of feminism. In the text, it states, â€Å"Feminists speak of women being relegated to the status of objects, pointing out that they have traditionally been valued forShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1396 Words   |  6 Pagesfeminism, Donald Hall’s definition of cultural feminism, from his â€Å"Feminist Analysis† of Literary and Cultural Theory, will be used to explore the cultural aspects of the texts from Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Charlotte Gilman’ s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper,† Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† The ideology of feminism is that women are unable to express themselves due to being oppressed by patriarchal society, women are to beRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1483 Words   |  6 Pagessocially, politically, culturally, and several more ways. This essay will highlight and analyze the cultural aspects of feminism from the texts of Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Donald Hall’s â€Å"Feminist Analysis† from Literary and Cultural Theory, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper†, Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† Cultural feminism, the ideology of the roles and stereotypical characteristics o f women. Therefore, women Kate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow... Women’s Liberation The subject of feminism has evolved into various complex theories. In addition, feminism has also been a heavily debated issue that has been around for numerous years. The argument of feminism is that women are, and always have been throughout history, treated differently than men by society. Therefore, women are being stripped down of opportunities to their benefit economically, socially, politically, and culturally. Since there are multiple theories on feminism, Donald Hall’s definition of cultural feminism, from his â€Å"Feminist Analysis† of Literary and Cultural Theory, will be used to explore the cultural aspects of the texts from Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦There are multiple examples of where this is evident in the stories. It also states, â€Å" evidence of one woman’s determination to meet her own economic, psychological, and eventuall y emotional needs in ways that challenge certain norms† (Hall 203). There have been brave women that challenged the norms of patriarchal society. These women realized that this oppressive society treated them unfairly, and they could not take it anymore. The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, it portrays a woman in the process of discovering herself and becoming self-aware. Through time, this woman realizes that she has lived senselessly, under the illusion that life her life is great. So she must â€Å"wake up† of course, and become conscious of how unfair society is treating her. During an argument, her husband thinks, â€Å" It sometimes entered Mr. Pontellier’s mind to wonder if his wife were not growing a little unbalanced mentally. He could see plainly that she was not herself.† (Chopin 62). The integrity of her mind has been fine, the husband is just misunderstanding the transformation of his wife become a new person that is self-conscious and reb ellious. This is an issue because he does not understand his wife’s needs and wants. His wife just ignores his commands and continues to do as she pleases. Society and her husband makes the assumption that, â€Å"If it was not a mother’s place

The Success Of A Company - 3347 Words

Organisations are truly complex entities and for a company to be a success and provide a product or service to the best of its ability, the workforce need to be motivated, ambitious and determined to provide the highest possible quality work within specified time limits. There are numerous things that need to be acknowledged and handled within the organisations structure to ensure that staffs are happy and satisfied in the workplace, alongside the individual’s own personal goals and values. It is the profitable for organisations to make the work environment a comfortable and appealing place for their staff. It is the manager’s job and responsibility to ensure that they are motivating that person for better performance results. Once a†¦show more content†¦This report will also consist of how a manager will incorporate performance related reward schemes to improve overall organisation performance. 1.2 Individuals at Work Within any team consisting of ten people you can immediately notice the range personalities that you are in charge of and the different levels of abilities, experience and energy each person brings to the table. In this kind of team a manager will be dealing with a range of people from different disciplines and backgrounds, a few which could involve engineering technicians, mechanical engineers, design engineers and quality assurance engineers. Each specific person is going to have their own needs, wants, goals and aspirations and once a manager knows what is important for each individual they can then utilise this knowledge and provide the necessary reward scheme required to satisfy and encourage each individual so they thrive and flourish as much as possible while working with that organisation. It is vitally important that your work force feel motivated to ‘give it their all’ while working for you to maximise the organisations overall potential performance. So one of the important question any manager can ask themselves is ‘What can I do to motivate my team?’ and by looking at Maslows hierarchy of needs (Gembapantarei.com, 2014) managers can understand what the fundamental needs are for any worker. 1.3 Personal Abilities and Aptitudes Every organisation is going to try and seek out potential

Hubspot Marketing Company

Questions: Hubspot Marketing company located in Boston: I need an internal analysis covering the following questions, I do not need background info on the company I have already done that. Just a 3 page essay answering the questions in an essay format: 1) what type of organizational culture? Market oriented? 2) what type of org structure, organizational chart? 3) unique resources and capabilities(money, knowledge skills, background of owner and so on). Doesit have a sustainable advantage? 4) Strenghts and weaknesses? As if it was part of a SWOT table Answers: 1. Organizational culture of HubSpot Internet Marketing Company. The organizational or corporate culture of HubSpot is in line with the other technology organizations situated along the West Coast of the US. The Boston Business Journal has referred to it as the best company to work in the US. The company had come up with many innovations like beginning a vacation day policy which was unlimited, in 2010. In the same year, it also started a training program for the employee which was referred to as the HubSpot Fellows Program (Smith et al. 2015). In 2008 the company began a program known as startup within startup and also a weekend project relating to a partner program and it became a full-time job for them. That partner program received a good response and by 2011 it accounted for 20% of the companys revenue. The company also offered $2,500 reward as a candidate referral program. In 2011, It increased to $10,000 as the company was in lookout for HTML5 developers. The senior persons who were recruited from large corporate receive a hefty bonus of $1 ,000 for every year they have spent with a very famous and large company. Thus the accompany follows a very market oriented approach in all its operations. It is a very employee friendly organization. 2. Organizational structure of HubSpot HubSpot has always maintained its position in the market as a leading internet marketing company. They are the pioneer of inbound marketing. Their success is based on a very sound and effective organizational structure and their marketing process. They have used the Agile Marketing strategy in order to grow and sustain in the market. HubSpot does not possess a typical organizational structure like the other companies. Their aim has always been to be a flat organization. They typically follow a no door policy. According to the CEO, Mr. Brian Halligan, it is a very transparent organization. In his words, the company follows such a system of hierarchy, which creates a very hospitable and friendly environment for all the employees. The seniors share a very cordial relationship with the staffs and employees. The CEO says that there is no separate work space or desk for him. His salary is even at par with the other employees of the organization. In short it might be said that HubSpot boast s of a unique organizational hierarchy, which is key to its success (Sherman, 2015). 3. Resources and background of the owners HubSpot came into existence in 2006 founded by Brian Halligan and Dharmesh Shah at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Shah came ahead with an investment of $500,000 along with Mr. Edward B. Roberts who is the chairman of the Entrepreneurship Center, through angel investment. It was in 2006 that the company introduced the HubSpot software in beta version. In December 2007, the company made the official launch of the software. In 2007, another $5 million investment was made. Another investment of $12 million was made in May 2008, followed by $16 million in late 2009. The growth was prolific as evident from the increase of revenues from $255000 in the first year to $15.6 million in 2010. Now the background of the owners is to be seen. Mr. Brian Halligan was born in Westwood, Massachusetts on 1st September 1967. He has also published two books namely Inbound Marketing and Marketing Lessons. Mr. Dharmesh Shah is the other co-founder. Prior to HotSpot , he founded the Pyramid D igital Solutions, which manufactured enterprise software in the sector of financial services. He is a member of the CommonAngels, a very famous angel investment group of Boston. He is also a B.S. in Computer Science from the University of Alabama in Birmingham. The company believes in hiring people who are passionate, loyal, willing to learn and pretty smart. The unique strategy of recruitment followed, includes various tests on an employees character and moral. It is more qualitative than quantitative. It is often seen how an employee behaves when a cup of tea or coffee is offered to him during the interview. The employee is likely to get hired if he disposes of his own cup after he finishes drinking. This is known as the Cup Test. HubSpot follows a unique process to recruit the right employees which is known as the HEART. It means humble, effective, adaptable, remarkable and transparent. They judge the employees ethics and values more than the required skills. This is why the comp any is blessed with some of the best resources and the Employee Net Promoter Score, which measures the employee engagement, is very high in recent times. The company also has a retention rate of 85%. This is a wonderful record since the company has to compete with the global giants like Google and Facebook. The company has also seen a significant increase in revenues over the years. In 2013, the CEO declared that the annual revenue growth was 82%, much higher than the previous years. The revenue earned from the companys inbound marketing software reached $52.5 million. HubSpot also raised $35Mround mezzanine finance from the big institutional investors for investment in infrastructure, recruitment, products and acquisitions. The working process and extremely enviable work culture has certainly ensured its growth and sustainability in the long run (Rumanti, 2015). This is well evident from the point of view that the company has managed to sustain and grow in the competitive market al ongside the global leaders. The unique process of recruitment of the right employees and a very healthy working culture and environment has been the reason of success for HubSpot so far. The company has formed a successful barrier to entry for the other competitors to ensure competitive sustainable advantage. By this process, the company has effectively blocked many of the rivals to enter into the market and thereby reducing its profits. The company has some exclusive and proprietary access to a number of crucial resources, which the other companies to not have access to, like product integration partnership. They also depend a lot on new product development each year in order to attract more customers and make a more sustainable environment. 4. Strength and weakness analysis of HubSpot Strengths HubSpot ranks the third in terms of market share among the largest internet marketing companies around the globe. It has gained the highest position for overall value. It is currently the all-in-one solution for digital and internet marketing of products and services. In a research conducted by the firm Gleensight , it has been found that in individual product categories, the specialized vendors ranked higher than HubSpot like in SEO, marketing via email. Yet, it may be observed that in providing a comprehensive solution to internet marketing, HubSpot is way ahead of the others. The Call to action and the HubSpot Marketplace are the USPs of the company. Weaknesses The main weakness of the company is that it has limited customization options for the end users. The designing tools are also limited in number. It needs to possess some advanced technological tools like the Business Process Management (BPM) tools in order to compete with the rivals. It is observed that the company is in need of certain innovation in product development to suit the user requirements. These are the main areas where HubSpot needs to put special emphasis on to sustain in the long run and grow as an emerging internet marketing concern. Reference list Smith, B. and Martinez, M. (2015). Examining Higher Education Department Eliminations Through the Lens of Organizational Change. Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 5(4), pp.73-87. Sherman, K. (2015). Editor's Introduction. Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 5(4), pp.5-7. Rumanti, A. (2015). Organizational Culture Transformation towards Management of Technology. JOEBM, 3(10).

Internet History Essays (1054 words) - Network Architecture

Internet History In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This was called the Internetting project and the system of networks which emerged from the research was known as the "Internet." The system of protocols which was developed over the course of this research effort became known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite, after the two initial protocols developed: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). In 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the development of the NSFNET which, today, provides a major backbone communication service for the Internet. With its 45 megabit per second facilities, the NSFNET carries on the order of 12 billion packets per month between the networks it links. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Department of Energy contributed additional backbone facilities in the form of the NSINET and ESNET respectively. In Europe, major international backbones such as NORDUNET and others provide connectivity to over one hundred thousand computers on a large number of networks. Commercial network providers in the U.S. and Europe are beginning to offer Internet backbone and access support on a competitive basis to any interested parties. "Regional" support for the Internet is provided by various consortium networks and "local" support is provided through each of the research and educational institutions. Within the United States, much of this support has come from the federal and state governments, but a considerable contribution has been made by industry. In Europe and elsewhere, support arises from cooperative international efforts and through national research organizations. During the course of its evolution, particularly after 1989, the Internet system began to integrate support for other protocol suites into its basic networking fabric. The present emphasis in the system is on multiprotocol interworking, and in particular, with the integration of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols into the architecture. Both public domain and commercial implementations of the roughly 100 protocols of TCP/IP protocol suite became available in the 1980's. During the early 1990's, OSI protocol implementations also became available and, by the end of 1991, the Internet has grown to include some 5,000 networks in over three dozen countries, serving over 700,000 host computers used by over 4,000,000 people. A great deal of support for the Internet community has come from the U.S. Federal Government, since the Internet was originally part of a federally-funded research program and, subsequently, has become a major part of the U.S. research infrastructure. During the late 1980's, however, the population of Internet users and network constituents expanded internationally and began to include commercial facilities. Indeed, the bulk of the system today is made up of private networking facilities in educational and research institutions, businesses and in government organizations across the globe. The Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Networks (CCIRN), which was organized by the U.S. Federal Networking Council (FNC) and the European Reseaux Associees pour la Recherche Europeenne (RARE), plays an important role in the coordination of plans for government- sponsored research networking. CCIRN efforts have been a stimulus for the support of international cooperation in the Internet environment. Over its fifteen year history, the Internet has functioned as a collaboration among cooperating parties. Certain key functions have been critical for its operation, not the least of which is the specification of the protocols by which the components of the system operate. These were originally developed in the DARPA research program mentioned above, but in the last five or six years, this work has been undertaken on a wider basis with support from Government agencies in many countries, industry and the academic community. The Internet Activities Board (IAB) was created in 1983 to guide the evolution of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite and to provide research advice to the Internet community. During the course of its existence, the IAB has reorganized several times. It now has two primary components: the Internet Engineering Task Force and the Internet Research Task Force. The former has primary responsibility for further evolution of the TCP/IP protocol suite, its standardization with the concurrence of the IAB, and the integration of other protocols into Internet operation (e.g. the Open Systems Interconnection protocols). The Internet Research Task Force continues to organize and explore advanced concepts in networking under the guidance of the Internet Activities Board and with support from various government agencies. A secretariat has been created to manage the day-to-day function of the Internet Activities Board and Internet